CPLM-021630

Genbank Nucleotide ID

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G

Protein Synonyms/Alias

APOBEC-related cytidine deaminase; APOBEC-related protein; ARCD; APOBEC-related protein 9; ARP-9; CEM-15; CEM15; Deoxycytidine deaminase; A3G

Homo sapiens (Human)

Position	Peptide	Type	References
63	GQVYSELKYHPEMRF	ubiquitination	[1, 2]

[1] A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles.
Wagner SA, Beli P, Weinert BT, Nielsen ML, Cox J, Mann M, Choudhary C.
Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Oct;10(10):M111.013284. [PMID: 21890473]
[2] hCKSAAP_UbSite: improved prediction of human ubiquitination sites by exploiting amino acid pattern and properties.
Chen Z, Zhou Y, Song J, Zhang Z.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Aug;1834(8):1461-7. [PMID: 23603789]

Functional Description

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination- independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double- stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

DOMAIN 65 100 CMP/dCMP deaminase zinc-binding 1.
DOMAIN 257 291 CMP/dCMP deaminase zinc-binding 2.
REGION 1 60 Essential for cytoplasmic localization.
REGION 209 336 Necessary for homooligomerization.
REGION 213 215 Interaction with DNA (Probable).
REGION 313 320 Interaction with DNA (Probable).
ACT_SITE 259 259 Proton donor (Probable).
METAL 65 65 Zinc (By similarity).
METAL 97 97 Zinc (By similarity).
METAL 100 100 Zinc (By similarity).
METAL 257 257 Zinc; catalytic.
METAL 288 288 Zinc; catalytic.
METAL 291 291 Zinc; catalytic.
MOD_RES 32 32 Phosphothreonine; by PKA.
MOD_RES 218 218 Phosphothreonine; by PKA and CAMK2.

3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Antiviral defense; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Host-virus interaction; Hydrolase; Immunity; Innate immunity; Metal-binding; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Polymorphism; Reference proteome; Repeat; Ubl conjugation; Zinc.

UniProt (SWISSPROT/TrEMBL); GenBank; EMBL

GO:0030895; C:apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex; TAS:HGNC.
GO:0000932; C:cytoplasmic mRNA processing body; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; IDA:HPA.
GO:0004126; F:cytidine deaminase activity; TAS:HGNC.
GO:0047844; F:deoxycytidine deaminase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0016553; P:base conversion or substitution editing; TAS:HGNC.
GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0070383; P:DNA cytosine deamination; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IDA:HGNC.
GO:0045869; P:negative regulation of retroviral genome replication; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0002230; P:positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; IDA:HGNC.
GO:0016032; P:viral reproduction; TAS:Reactome.
GO:0019048; P:virus-host interaction; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.

IPR016192; APOBEC/CMP_deaminase_Zn-bd.
IPR013158; APOBEC_N.
IPR016193; Cytidine_deaminase-like.

PS00903; CYT_DCMP_DEAMINASES