UniProt Accession

 ABC3C_HUMAN; Q9NRW3; B2R884; Q5JZ92; Q7Z2N7; Q96F12 

Genbank Protein ID

 AF165520; CR456394; AK313272; AL022318; CH471095; BC011739; BC021080 

Genbank Nucleotide ID

 AAF86650.1; CAG30280.1; BAG36081.1; CAI17898.1; EAW60284.1; AAH11739.1 

Protein Name

 DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

 A3C; APOBEC1-like; Phorbolin I 

Gene Name

 APOBEC3C 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 APOBEC1L; PBI 

Created Date

 July 27, 2013 

Organism

 Homo sapiens (Human) 

NCBI Taxa ID

 9606 

Lysine Modification

Position	Peptide	Type	References
10	PQIRNPMKAMYPGTF	ubiquitination	[1]
51	RRSVVSWKTGVFRNQ	ubiquitination	[1, 2]

Reference

 [1] A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles.
 Wagner SA, Beli P, Weinert BT, Nielsen ML, Cox J, Mann M, Choudhary C.
 Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Oct;10(10):M111.013284. [PMID: 21890473]
 [2] Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome.
 Kim W, Bennett EJ, Huttlin EL, Guo A, Li J, Possemato A, Sowa ME, Rad R, Rush J, Comb MJ, Harper JW, Gygi SP.
 Mol Cell. 2011 Oct 21;44(2):325-40. [PMID: 21906983] 

Functional Description

 DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination- independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double- stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation. 

Sequence Annotation

 DOMAIN 66 100 CMP/dCMP deaminase zinc-binding.
 ACT_SITE 68 68 Proton donor (By similarity).
 METAL 66 66 Zinc; catalytic (By similarity).
 METAL 97 97 Zinc; catalytic (By similarity).
 METAL 100 100 Zinc; catalytic (By similarity).  

Keyword

 3D-structure; Antiviral defense; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Host-virus interaction; Hydrolase; Immunity; Innate immunity; Metal-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Zinc. 

Sequence Source

 UniProt (SWISSPROT/TrEMBL); GenBank; EMBL 

Protein Length

 190 AA 

Protein Sequence

Gene Ontology

 GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0016814; F:hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; IEA:InterPro.
 GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
 GO:0009972; P:cytidine deamination; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0080111; P:DNA demethylation; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0045071; P:negative regulation of viral genome replication; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0019048; P:virus-host interaction; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. 

Interpro

 IPR016192; APOBEC/CMP_deaminase_Zn-bd.
 IPR007904; APOBEC_C.
 IPR016193; Cytidine_deaminase-like. 

Pfam

 PF05240; APOBEC_C 

SMART

  

PROSITE

 PS00903; CYT_DCMP_DEAMINASES 

PRINTS