UniProt Accession

 STING_HUMAN; Q86WV6; A8K3P6; B6EB35; D6RBX0; D6RE01; D6RID9 

Genbank Protein ID

 FJ222241; AK290661; AC138517; BC047779 

Genbank Nucleotide ID

 ACI46648.1; BAF83350.1; AAH47779.1 

Protein Name

 Stimulator of interferon genes protein 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

 hSTING; Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; ERIS; Mediator of IRF3 activation; hMITA; Transmembrane protein 173 

Gene Name

 TMEM173 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 ERIS; MITA; STING 

Created Date

 July 27, 2013 

Organism

 Homo sapiens (Human) 

NCBI Taxa ID

 9606 

Lysine Modification

Position	Peptide	Type	References
150	EISAVCEKGNFNVAH	ubiquitination	[1]
289	EDRLEQAKLFCRTLE	ubiquitination	[2]

Reference

 [1] hCKSAAP_UbSite: improved prediction of human ubiquitination sites by exploiting amino acid pattern and properties.
 Chen Z, Zhou Y, Song J, Zhang Z.
 Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Aug;1834(8):1461-7. [PMID: 23603789]
 [2] Refined preparation and use of anti-diglycine remnant (K-ε-GG) antibody enables routine quantification of 10,000s of ubiquitination sites in single proteomics experiments.
 Udeshi ND, Svinkina T, Mertins P, Kuhn E, Mani DR, Qiao JW, Carr SA.
 Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Mar;12(3):825-31. [PMID: 23266961] 

Functional Description

 Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. 

Sequence Annotation

 REGION 153 340 c-di-GMP-binding domain (CBD).
 REGION 162 167 c-di-GMP binding.
 REGION 238 241 c-di-GMP binding.
 REGION 340 379 C-terminal tail (CTT).
 BINDING 263 263 c-di-GMP.
 MOD_RES 358 358 Phosphoserine; by TBK1.
 CROSSLNK 150 150 Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)  

Keyword

 3D-structure; Apoptosis; Cell membrane; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic reticulum; Immunity; Innate immunity; Isopeptide bond; Membrane; Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion outer membrane; Nucleotide-binding; Phosphoprotein; Polymorphism; Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Ubl conjugation. 

Sequence Source

 UniProt (SWISSPROT/TrEMBL); GenBank; EMBL 

Protein Length

 379 AA 

Protein Sequence

Gene Ontology

 GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
 GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0005794; C:Golgi apparatus; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0016021; C:integral to membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0005741; C:mitochondrial outer membrane; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; ISS:UniProtKB.
 GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0035438; F:cyclic-di-GMP binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0061507; F:cyclic-GMP-AMP binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
 GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0019901; F:protein kinase binding; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0008134; F:transcription factor binding; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0002218; P:activation of innate immune response; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0071360; P:cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0035458; P:cellular response to interferon-beta; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0032608; P:interferon-beta production; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0002230; P:positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0032092; P:positive regulation of protein binding; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0033160; P:positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0042993; P:positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0032481; P:positive regulation of type I interferon production; TAS:Reactome. 

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