UniProt Accession

 CTNB1_HUMAN; P35222; A8K1L7; Q8NEW9; Q8NI94; Q9H391 

Genbank Protein ID

 X87838; Z19054; AF130085; AY463360; AK289932; AC104307; CH471055; BC058926; AY081165; AB062292 

Genbank Nucleotide ID

 CAA61107.1; CAA79497.1; AAG35511.1; AAR18817.1; BAF82621.1; EAW64625.1; AAH58926.1; AAL89457.1; BAB93475.1 

Protein Name

 Catenin beta-1 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

 Beta-catenin 

Gene Name

 CTNNB1 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 CTNNB; OK/SW-cl.35; PRO2286 

Created Date

 July 27, 2013 

Organism

 Homo sapiens (Human) 

NCBI Taxa ID

 9606 

Lysine Modification

Position	Peptide	Type	References
19	MAMEPDRKAAVSHWQ	acetylation	[1]
19	MAMEPDRKAAVSHWQ	ubiquitination	[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
49	TAPSLSGKGNPEEED	acetylation	[1, 7]
133	AEPSQMLKHAVVNLI	ubiquitination	[3, 4, 5, 8]
158	RAIPELTKLLNDEDQ	ubiquitination	[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
170	EDQVVVNKAAVMVHQ	ubiquitination	[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]
180	VMVHQLSKKEASRHA	ubiquitination	[3, 5]
181	MVHQLSKKEASRHAI	ubiquitination	[4]
233	EGLLAIFKSGGIPAL	ubiquitination	[2, 3, 5, 6]
281	RLAGGLQKMVALLNK	ubiquitination	[3, 5]
288	KMVALLNKTNVKFLA	ubiquitination	[3]
335	MRTYTYEKLLWTTSR	ubiquitination	[2, 3, 5, 6]
345	WTTSRVLKVLSVCSS	acetylation	[10]
345	WTTSRVLKVLSVCSS	ubiquitination	[4, 9]
354	LSVCSSNKPAIVEAG	acetylation	[11]
354	LSVCSSNKPAIVEAG	ubiquitination	[3, 4, 12]
435	TCNNYKNKMMVCQVG	ubiquitination	[4, 5, 9, 12]
496	YGLPVVVKLLHPPSH	ubiquitination	[3]
508	PSHWPLIKATVGLIR	ubiquitination	[3, 4, 5, 9, 12]
625	LCELAQDKEAAEAIE	ubiquitination	[3]
666	LFRMSEDKPQDYKKR	ubiquitination	[3]
671	EDKPQDYKKRLSVEL	ubiquitination	[3]

Reference

 [1] PCAF acetylates {beta}-catenin and improves its stability.
 Ge X, Jin Q, Zhang F, Yan T, Zhai Q.
 Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Jan;20(1):419-27. [PMID: 18987336]
 [2] A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles.
 Wagner SA, Beli P, Weinert BT, Nielsen ML, Cox J, Mann M, Choudhary C.
 Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Oct;10(10):M111.013284. [PMID: 21890473]
 [3] Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome.
 Kim W, Bennett EJ, Huttlin EL, Guo A, Li J, Possemato A, Sowa ME, Rad R, Rush J, Comb MJ, Harper JW, Gygi SP.
 Mol Cell. 2011 Oct 21;44(2):325-40. [PMID: 21906983]
 [4] Refined preparation and use of anti-diglycine remnant (K-ε-GG) antibody enables routine quantification of 10,000s of ubiquitination sites in single proteomics experiments.
 Udeshi ND, Svinkina T, Mertins P, Kuhn E, Mani DR, Qiao JW, Carr SA.
 Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Mar;12(3):825-31. [PMID: 23266961]
 [5] Landscape of the PARKIN-dependent ubiquitylome in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
 Sarraf SA, Raman M, Guarani-Pereira V, Sowa ME, Huttlin EL, Gygi SP, Harper JW.
 Nature. 2013 Apr 18;496(7445):372-6. [PMID: 23503661]
 [6] hCKSAAP_UbSite: improved prediction of human ubiquitination sites by exploiting amino acid pattern and properties.
 Chen Z, Zhou Y, Song J, Zhang Z.
 Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Aug;1834(8):1461-7. [PMID: 23603789]
 [7] Acetylation of beta-catenin by CREB-binding protein (CBP).
 Wolf D, Rodova M, Miska EA, Calvet JP, Kouzarides T.
 J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 12;277(28):25562-7. [PMID: 11973335]
 [8] Proteome-wide identification of ubiquitylation sites by conjugation of engineered lysine-less ubiquitin.
 Oshikawa K, Matsumoto M, Oyamada K, Nakayama KI.
 J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):796-807. [PMID: 22053931]
 [9] Global analysis of lysine ubiquitination by ubiquitin remnant immunoaffinity profiling.
 Xu G, Paige JS, Jaffrey SR.
 Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Aug;28(8):868-73. [PMID: 20639865]
 [10] Acetylation of beta-catenin by p300 regulates beta-catenin-Tcf4 interaction.
 Lévy L, Wei Y, Labalette C, Wu Y, Renard CA, Buendia MA, Neuveut C.
 Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Apr;24(8):3404-14. [PMID: 15060161]
 [11] Glucose-induced β-catenin acetylation enhances Wnt signaling in cancer.
 Chocarro-Calvo A, García-Martínez JM, Ardila-González S, De la Vieja A, García-Jiménez C.
 Mol Cell. 2013 Feb 7;49(3):474-86. [PMID: 23273980]
 [12] Ubiquitin ligase substrate identification through quantitative proteomics at both the protein and peptide levels.
 Lee KA, Hammerle LP, Andrews PS, Stokes MP, Mustelin T, Silva JC, Black RA, Doedens JR.
 J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 2;286(48):41530-8. [PMID: 21987572] 

Functional Description

 Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML. 

Sequence Annotation

 REPEAT 151 191 ARM 1.
 REPEAT 193 234 ARM 2.
 REPEAT 235 276 ARM 3.
 REPEAT 277 318 ARM 4.
 REPEAT 319 360 ARM 5.
 REPEAT 361 389 ARM 6.
 REPEAT 400 441 ARM 7.
 REPEAT 442 484 ARM 8.
 REPEAT 489 530 ARM 9.
 REPEAT 531 571 ARM 10.
 REPEAT 594 636 ARM 11.
 REPEAT 637 666 ARM 12.
 REGION 1 23 Interaction with VCL (By similarity).
 REGION 772 781 Interaction with SCRIB (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 23 23 Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta.
 MOD_RES 29 29 Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta.
 MOD_RES 33 33 Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta and HIPK2.
 MOD_RES 37 37 Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta and HIPK2.
 MOD_RES 41 41 Phosphothreonine; by GSK3-beta.
 MOD_RES 45 45 Phosphoserine.
 MOD_RES 64 64 Phosphotyrosine; by PTK6.
 MOD_RES 86 86 Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
 MOD_RES 142 142 Phosphotyrosine; by FYN and PTK6.
 MOD_RES 191 191 Phosphoserine; by CDK5.
 MOD_RES 246 246 Phosphoserine; by CDK5.
 MOD_RES 331 331 Phosphotyrosine; by PTK6.
 MOD_RES 333 333 Phosphotyrosine; by PTK6 (Probable).
 MOD_RES 551 551 Phosphothreonine.
 MOD_RES 552 552 Phosphoserine.
 MOD_RES 556 556 Phosphothreonine.
 MOD_RES 619 619 S-nitrosocysteine (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 654 654 Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
 MOD_RES 675 675 Phosphoserine.  

Keyword

 3D-structure; Activator; Alternative splicing; Cell adhesion; Cell junction; Cell membrane; Chromosomal rearrangement; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; Disease mutation; Membrane; Mental retardation; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Polymorphism; Reference proteome; Repeat; S-nitrosylation; Transcription; Transcription regulation; Ubl conjugation; Wnt signaling pathway. 

Sequence Source

 UniProt (SWISSPROT/TrEMBL); GenBank; EMBL 

Protein Length

 781 AA 

Protein Sequence

Gene Ontology

 GO:0045177; C:apical part of cell; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0016323; C:basolateral plasma membrane; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0030877; C:beta-catenin destruction complex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0070369; C:beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0016342; C:catenin complex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0005938; C:cell cortex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0005924; C:cell-substrate adherens junction; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0005813; C:centrosome; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0043198; C:dendritic shaft; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0030057; C:desmosome; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0005916; C:fascia adherens; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0009898; C:internal side of plasma membrane; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0030027; C:lamellipodium; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0016328; C:lateral plasma membrane; IDA:MGI.
 GO:0031528; C:microvillus membrane; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0032993; C:protein-DNA complex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0034750; C:Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0000922; C:spindle pole; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0045202; C:synapse; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0005667; C:transcription factor complex; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0030018; C:Z disc; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0005915; C:zonula adherens; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0050681; F:androgen receptor binding; NAS:UniProtKB.
 GO:0003682; F:chromatin binding; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0003690; F:double-stranded DNA binding; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0019901; F:protein kinase binding; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0003700; F:sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0004871; F:signal transducer activity; NAS:ProtInc.
 GO:0005198; F:structural molecule activity; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0003713; F:transcription coactivator activity; IMP:UniProtKB.
 GO:0008134; F:transcription factor binding; TAS:AgBase.
 GO:0044212; F:transcription regulatory region DNA binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0034333; P:adherens junction assembly; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0030521; P:androgen receptor signaling pathway; NAS:UniProtKB.
 GO:0009948; P:anterior/posterior axis specification; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0045453; P:bone resorption; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0001658; P:branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0044336; P:canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0061324; P:canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation; ISS:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0044334; P:canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0001708; P:cell fate specification; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0048469; P:cell maturation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0016337; P:cell-cell adhesion; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0007160; P:cell-matrix adhesion; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0006921; P:cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis; TAS:Reactome.
 GO:0071363; P:cellular response to growth factor stimulus; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0071681; P:cellular response to indole-3-methanol; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0022009; P:central nervous system vasculogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0007016; P:cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048262; P:determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0009950; P:dorsal/ventral axis specification; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0007398; P:ectoderm development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0000578; P:embryonic axis specification; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0042733; P:embryonic digit morphogenesis; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0048617; P:embryonic foregut morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0035115; P:embryonic forelimb morphogenesis; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0035050; P:embryonic heart tube development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0035116; P:embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0036023; P:embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis; ISS:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0001711; P:endodermal cell fate commitment; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0061154; P:endothelial tube morphogenesis; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0060742; P:epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0001837; P:epithelial to mesenchymal transition; TAS:HGNC.
 GO:0060441; P:epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0030900; P:forebrain development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0061198; P:fungiform papilla formation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0001702; P:gastrulation with mouth forming second; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0035112; P:genitalia morphogenesis; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0007403; P:glial cell fate determination; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0035315; P:hair cell differentiation; TAS:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0031069; P:hair follicle morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060789; P:hair follicle placode formation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0030902; P:hindbrain development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0001701; P:in utero embryonic development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0002089; P:lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0001889; P:liver development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060479; P:lung cell differentiation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060492; P:lung induction; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060484; P:lung-associated mesenchyme development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0030539; P:male genitalia development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060916; P:mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0003337; P:mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0007494; P:midgut development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0045445; P:myoblast differentiation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0008285; P:negative regulation of cell proliferation; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0032331; P:negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0003136; P:negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048715; P:negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0045671; P:negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0033234; P:negative regulation of protein sumoylation; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0072079; P:nephron tubule formation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0001840; P:neural plate development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0001764; P:neuron migration; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0042475; P:odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048599; P:oocyte development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0030316; P:osteoclast differentiation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0060066; P:oviduct development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0031016; P:pancreas development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0001569; P:patterning of blood vessels; IC:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0061047; P:positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:2000017; P:positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0045603; P:positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0060769; P:positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0045743; P:positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0010909; P:positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0043123; P:positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0043410; P:positive regulation of MAPK cascade; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0002053; P:positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0051149; P:positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation; TAS:Reactome.
 GO:0002052; P:positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0045669; P:positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0051291; P:protein heterooligomerization; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0034394; P:protein localization to cell surface; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0009954; P:proximal/distal pattern formation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0045765; P:regulation of angiogenesis; TAS:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0090279; P:regulation of calcium ion import; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0030997; P:regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion; IDA:UniProtKB.
 GO:0070602; P:regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0048145; P:regulation of fibroblast proliferation; TAS:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0031641; P:regulation of myelination; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0072182; P:regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation; ISS:UniProtKB.
 GO:2000008; P:regulation of protein localization to cell surface; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0003266; P:regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0048660; P:regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; IMP:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0042129; P:regulation of T cell proliferation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0072053; P:renal inner medulla development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0072054; P:renal outer medulla development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0072033; P:renal vesicle formation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0046686; P:response to cadmium ion; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0034097; P:response to cytokine stimulus; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0042493; P:response to drug; IEP:UniProtKB.
 GO:0032355; P:response to estradiol stimulus; IDA:BHF-UCL.
 GO:0014010; P:Schwann cell proliferation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0043588; P:skin development; IEA:Compara.
 GO:0051145; P:smooth muscle cell differentiation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0050808; P:synapse organization; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048489; P:synaptic vesicle transport; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0033077; P:T cell differentiation in thymus; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0048538; P:thymus development; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0043587; P:tongue morphogenesis; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0060440; P:trachea formation; IBA:RefGenome.
 GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-dependent; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. 

Interpro

 IPR011989; ARM-like.
 IPR016024; ARM-type_fold.
 IPR000225; Armadillo.
 IPR013284; Beta-catenin. 

Pfam

 PF00514; Arm 

SMART

 SM00185; ARM 

PROSITE

 PS50176; ARM_REPEAT 

PRINTS

 PR01869; BCATNINFAMLY.