CPLM 1.0 - Compendium of Protein Lysine Modification
TagContent
CPLM ID CPLM-006052
UniProt Accession
Genbank Protein ID
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Protein Name
 Beta-arrestin-2 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
 Arrestin beta-2; Arrestin-3 
Gene Name
 ARRB2 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
  
Created Date
 July 27, 2013 
Organism
 Bos taurus (Bovine) 
NCBI Taxa ID
 9913 
Lysine Modification
Position
Peptide
Type
References
400RLRLKGLKDEDYDDQsumoylation[1]
Reference
 [1] Small ubiquitin-like modifier modification of arrestin-3 regulates receptor trafficking.
 Wyatt D, Malik R, Vesecky AC, Marchese A.
 J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 4;286(5):3884-93. [PMID: 21118812
Functional Description
 Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G- protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) and recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent of beta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, agonist and cell type. Internalized arrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Two different modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from beta- arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization then requires that receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasma membrane. Mediates endocytosis of CCR7 following ligation of CCL19 but not CCL21. Involved in internalization of P2RY1, P2RY4, P2RY6 and P2RY11 and ATP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. Involved in phosphorylation-dependent internalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling or degradation. Involved in ubiquitination of IGF1R. Beta-arrestins function as multivalent adapter proteins that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmits short-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestin signaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals that are initiated as the receptor internalizes and transits the intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and MAPK10 (JNK3). ERK1/2 and JNK3 activated by the beta-arrestin scaffold are largely excluded from the nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic locations such as endocytic vesicles, also called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Acts as signaling scaffold for the AKT1 pathway. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin- mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). Increases ERK1/2 signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2- mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). Involved in CCR7- mediated ERK1/2 signaling involving ligand CCL19. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated ERK activity. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated MAPK10 activity. Is involved in dopamine-stimulated AKT1 activity in the striatum by disrupting the association of AKT1 with its negative regulator PP2A. Involved in AGTR1-mediated chemotaxis. Appears to function as signaling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1- beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. Suppresses UV-induced NF-kappa-B-dependent activation by interacting with CHUK. The function is promoted by stimulation of ADRB2 and dephosphorylation of ARRB2. Involved in p53/TP53- mediated apoptosis by regulating MDM2 and reducing the MDM2- mediated degradation of p53/TP53. May serve as nuclear messenger for GPCRs. Upon stimulation of OR1D2, may be involved in regulation of gene expression during the early processes of fertilization. Also involved in regulation of receptors others than GPCRs. Involved in endocytosis of TGFBR2 and TGFBR3 and down- regulates TGF-beta signaling such as NF-kappa-B activation. Involved in endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein receptor/LDLR. Involved in endocytosis of smoothened homolog/Smo, which also requires ADRBK1. Involved in endocytosis of SLC9A5. Involved in endocytosis of ENG and subsequent TGF-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration of epithelial cells. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 which prevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Involved in insulin resistance by acting as insulin-induced signaling scaffold for SRC, AKT1 and INSR. Involved in regulation of inhibitory signaling of natural killer cells by recruiting PTPN6 and PTPN11 to KIR2DL1. Involved in IL8-mediated granule release in neutrophils (By similarity). 
Sequence Annotation
 REGION 240 409 Interaction with TRAF6 (By similarity).
 REGION 374 420 Interaction with AP2B1 (By similarity).
 MOTIF 396 406 [DE]-X(1,2)-F-X-X-[FL]-X-X-X-R motif (By
 MOD_RES 48 48 Phosphotyrosine (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 176 176 Hydroxyproline; by PHD2 (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 181 181 Hydroxyproline; by PHD2 (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 360 360 Phosphoserine (By similarity).
 MOD_RES 393 393 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).  
Keyword
 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Cell membrane; Coated pit; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic vesicle; Hydroxylation; Membrane; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Protein transport; Reference proteome; Signal transduction inhibitor; Transport; Ubl conjugation. 
Sequence Source
 UniProt (SWISSPROT/TrEMBL); GenBank; EMBL 
Protein Length
 420 AA 
Protein Sequence
MGEKPGTRVF KKSSPNCKLT VYLGKRDFVD HLDKVDPVDG VVLVDPDYLK DRKVFVTLTC 60
AFRYGREDLD VLGLSFRKDL FIANYQAFPP TPNPPRPPTR LQERLLRKLG QHAHPFFFTI 120
PQNLPCSVTL QPGPEDTGKA CGVDFEIRAF CAKSLEEKSH KRNSVRLVIR KVQFAPEKPG 180
PQPSAETTRH FLMSDRSLHL EASLDKELYY HGEPLNVNVH VTNNSTKTVK KIKVSVRQYA 240
DICLFSTAQY KCPVAQVEQD DQVSPSSTFC KVYTITPLLS NNREKRGLAL DGKLKHEDTN 300
LASSTIVKEG ANKEVLGILV SYRVKVKLVV SRGGDVSVEL PFVLMHPKPH DHIALPRPQS 360
AAPETDAPVD TNLIEFETNY ATDDDIVFED FARLRLKGLK DEDYDDQFC 409 
Gene Ontology
 GO:0005905; C:coated pit; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0016023; C:cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
 GO:0009968; P:negative regulation of signal transduction; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0015031; P:protein transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
 GO:0007165; P:signal transduction; IEA:InterPro. 
Interpro
 IPR000698; Arrestin.
 IPR011021; Arrestin-like_N.
 IPR014752; Arrestin_C.
 IPR011022; Arrestin_C-like.
 IPR017864; Arrestin_CS.
 IPR014753; Arrestin_N.
 IPR014756; Ig_E-set. 
Pfam
 PF02752; Arrestin_C
 PF00339; Arrestin_N 
SMART
 SM01017; Arrestin_C 
PROSITE
 PS00295; ARRESTINS 
PRINTS
 PR00309; ARRESTIN.